std::logb

 

C++

Language

Standard library headers

Concepts

Utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Algorithms library

Iterators library

Numerics library

Input/output library

Localizations library

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Atomic operations library (C++11)

Thread support library (C++11)

Technical Specifications

 

Numerics library

Common mathematical functions

Floating-point environment

Complex numbers

Numeric arrays

Pseudo-random number generation

Compile-time rational arithmetic (C++11)

Generic numeric operations

iota (C++11)

accumulate

inner_product

adjacent_difference

partial_sum

 

Common mathematical functions

Functions
Basic operations
abs(int)labsllabsimaxabs (C++11) abs(float)fabs divldivlldivimaxdiv (C++11) fmod	remainder (C++11) remquo (C++11) fma (C++11) fmax (C++11) fmin (C++11) fdim (C++11) nannanfnanl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
Exponential functions
exp exp2 (C++11) expm1 (C++11)	log log10 log1p (C++11) log2 (C++11)
Power functions
sqrt cbrt (C++11)	hypot (C++11) pow
Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
sin cos tan asin acos atan atan2	sinh cosh tanh asinh (C++11) acosh (C++11) atanh (C++11)

Error and gamma functions
erf (C++11) erfc (C++11)	lgamma (C++11) tgamma (C++11)
Nearest integer floating point operations
ceil floor roundlroundllround (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	trunc (C++11) nearbyint (C++11) rintlrintllrint (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
Floating point manipulation functions
ldexp scalbnscalbln (C++11)(C++11) ilogb (C++11) logb (C++11)	frexp modf nextafternexttoward (C++11)(C++11) copysign (C++11)
Classification/Comparison
fpclassify (C++11) isfinite (C++11) isinf (C++11) isnan (C++11) isnormal (C++11) signbit (C++11)	isgreater (C++11) isgreaterequal (C++11) isless (C++11) islessequal (C++11) islessgreater (C++11) isunordered (C++11)
Macro constants
HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL (C++11)(C++11) INFINITY (C++11) NAN (C++11) math_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOMATH_ERREXCEPT (C++11)	FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)

 

Defined in header <cmath>
float       logb( float arg );	(1)	(since C++11)
double      logb( double arg );	(2)	(since C++11)
long double logb( long double arg );	(3)	(since C++11)
double      logb( Integral arg );	(4)	(since C++11)

1-3) Extracts the value of the unbiased radix-independent exponent from the floating-point argument arg, and returns it as a floating-point value.

4) A set of overloads or a function template accepting an argument of any integral type. Equivalent to (2) (the argument is cast to double).

Formally, the unbiased exponent is the signed integral part of log
r|arg| (returned by this function as a floating-point value), for non-zero arg, where r is std::numeric_limits<T>::radix and T is the floating-point type of arg. If arg is subnormal, it is treated as though it was normalized.

Parameters

arg

-

floating point value

Return value

If no errors occur, the unbiased exponent of arg is returned as a signed floating-point value.

If a domain error occurs, an implementation-defined value is returned

If a pole error occurs, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VALF, or -HUGE_VALL is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling

Domain or range error may occur if arg is zero.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

• If arg is ±0, -∞ is returned and FE_DIVBYZERO is raised.
• If arg is ±∞, +∞ is returned
• If arg is NaN, NaN is returned.
• In all other cases, the result is exact (FE_INEXACT is never raised) and the current rounding mode is ignored

Notes

POSIX requires that a pole error occurs if arg is ±0.

The value of the exponent returned by std::logb is always 1 less than the exponent retuned by std::frexp because of the different normalization requirements: for the exponent e returned by std::logb, |arg*r-e
| is between 1 and r (typically between 1 and 2), but for the exponent e returned by std::frexp, |arg*2-e
| is between 0.5 and 1.

Example

Compares different floating-point decomposition functions

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>
#include <cfenv>
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
int main()
{
    double f = 123.45;
    std::cout << "Given the number " << f << " or " << std::hexfloat
              << f << std::defaultfloat << " in hex,\n";
 
    double f3;
    double f2 = std::modf(f, &f3);
    std::cout << "modf() makes " << f3 << " + " << f2 << '\n';
 
    int i;
    f2 = std::frexp(f, &i);
    std::cout << "frexp() makes " << f2 << " * 2^" << i << '\n';
 
    i = std::ilogb(f);
    std::cout << "logb()/ilogb() make " << f/std::scalbn(1.0, i) << " * "
              << std::numeric_limits<double>::radix
              << "^" << std::ilogb(f) << '\n';
 
    // error handling
    std::feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
    std::cout << "logb(0) = " << std::logb(0) << '\n';
    if(std::fetestexcept(FE_DIVBYZERO))
        std::cout << "    FE_DIVBYZERO raised\n";
}

Possible output:

Given the number 123.45 or 0x1.edccccccccccdp+6 in hex,
modf() makes 123 + 0.45
frexp() makes 0.964453 * 2^7
logb()/ilogb() make 1.92891 * 2^6
logb(0) = -Inf
    FE_DIVBYZERO raised

See also

frexp	decomposes a number into significand and a power of 2 (function)
ilogb (C++11)	extracts exponent of the number (function)
scalbnscalbln (C++11)(C++11)	multiplies a number by FLT_RADIX raised to a power (function)
C documentation for logb