std::fmod

 

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Technical Specifications

 

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Common mathematical functions

Functions
Basic operations
abs(int)labsllabsimaxabs (C++11) abs(float)fabs divldivlldivimaxdiv (C++11) fmod	remainder (C++11) remquo (C++11) fma (C++11) fmax (C++11) fmin (C++11) fdim (C++11) nannanfnanl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
Exponential functions
exp exp2 (C++11) expm1 (C++11)	log log10 log1p (C++11) log2 (C++11)
Power functions
sqrt cbrt (C++11)	hypot (C++11) pow
Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
sin cos tan asin acos atan atan2	sinh cosh tanh asinh (C++11) acosh (C++11) atanh (C++11)

Error and gamma functions
erf (C++11) erfc (C++11)	lgamma (C++11) tgamma (C++11)
Nearest integer floating point operations
ceil floor roundlroundllround (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	trunc (C++11) nearbyint (C++11) rintlrintllrint (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
Floating point manipulation functions
ldexp scalbnscalbln (C++11)(C++11) ilogb (C++11) logb (C++11)	frexp modf nextafternexttoward (C++11)(C++11) copysign (C++11)
Classification/Comparison
fpclassify (C++11) isfinite (C++11) isinf (C++11) isnan (C++11) isnormal (C++11) signbit (C++11)	isgreater (C++11) isgreaterequal (C++11) isless (C++11) islessequal (C++11) islessgreater (C++11) isunordered (C++11)
Macro constants
HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL (C++11)(C++11) INFINITY (C++11) NAN (C++11) math_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOMATH_ERREXCEPT (C++11)	FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)

 

Defined in header <cmath>
float       fmod( float x, float y );	(1)
double      fmod( double x, double y );	(2)
long double fmod( long double x, long double y );	(3)
Promoted    fmod( Arithmetic1 x, Arithmetic2 y );	(4)	(since C++11)

1-3) Computes the floating-point remainder of the division operation x/y.

4) A set of overloads or a function template for all combinations of arguments of arithmetic type not covered by 1-3. If any argument has integral type, it is cast to double. If any other argument is long double, then the return type is long double, otherwise it is double.

The floating-point remainder of the division operation x/y calculated by this function is exactly the value x - n*y, where n is x/y with its fractional part truncated.

The returned value has the same sign as x and is less or equal to y in magnitude.

Parameters

x, y

-

floating point values

Return value

If successful, returns the floating-point remainder of the division x/y as defined above.

If a domain error occurs, an implementation-defined value is returned (NaN where supported)

If a range error occurs due to underflow, the correct result (after rounding) is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling

Domain error may occur if y is zero.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

• If x is ±0 and y is not zero, ±0 is returned
• If x is ±∞ and y is not NaN, NaN is returned and FE_INVALID is raised
• If y is ±0 and x is not NaN, NaN is returned and FE_INVALID is raised
• If y is ±∞ and x is finite, x is returned.
• If either argument is NaN, NaN is returned

Notes

POSIX requires that a domain error occurs if x is infinite or y is zero.

std::fmod, but not std::remainder is useful for doing silent wrapping of floating-point types to unsigned integer types: (0.0 <= (y = std::fmod( std::rint(x), 65536.0 )) ? y : 65536.0 + y) is in the range [-0.0 .. 65535.0], which corresponds to unsigned short, but std::remainder(std::rint(x), 65536.0 is in the range [-32767.0, +32768.0], which is outside of the range of signed short.

The double version of fmod behaves as if implemented as follows

double fmod(double x, double y)
{
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
    double result = std::remainder(std::fabs(x), (y = std::fabs(y)));
    if (std::signbit(result)) result += y;
    return std::copysign(result, x);
}

Example

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <cfenv>
 
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
int main()
{
    std::cout << "fmod(+5.1, +3.0) = " << std::fmod(5.1,3) << '\n'
              << "fmod(-5.1, +3.0) = " << std::fmod(-5.1,3) << '\n'
              << "fmod(+5.1, -3.0) = " << std::fmod(5.1,-3) << '\n'
              << "fmod(-5.1, -3.0) = " << std::fmod(-5.1,-3) << '\n';
 
    // special values
    std::cout << "fmod(+0.0, 1.0) = " << std::fmod(0, 1) << '\n'
              << "fmod(-0.0, 1.0) = " << std::fmod(-0.0, 1) << '\n'
              << "fmod(5.1, Inf) = " << std::fmod(5.1, INFINITY) << '\n';
 
    // error handling
    std::feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
    std::cout << "fmod(+5.1, 0) = " << std::fmod(5.1, 0) << '\n';
    if(std::fetestexcept(FE_INVALID))
        std::cout << "    FE_INVALID raised\n";
}

Possible output:

fmod(+5.1, +3.0) = 2.1
fmod(-5.1, +3.0) = -2.1
fmod(+5.1, -3.0) = 2.1
fmod(-5.1, -3.0) = -2.1
fmod(+0.0, 1.0) = 0
fmod(-0.0, 1.0) = -0
fmod(5.1, Inf) = 5.1
fmod(+5.1, 0) = -nan
    FE_INVALID raised

See also

div(int)ldivlldiv (C++11)	computes quotient and remainder of integer division (function)
remainder (C++11)	signed remainder of the division operation (function)
remquo (C++11)	signed remainder as well as the three last bits of the division operation (function)
C documentation for fmod