std::tolower(std::locale)

 

C++

Language

Standard library headers

Concepts

Utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Algorithms library

Iterators library

Numerics library

Input/output library

Localizations library

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Atomic operations library (C++11)

Thread support library (C++11)

Technical Specifications

 

Localizations library

Locales and facets
locale
use_facet	has_facet
Character classification
isspace isblank (C++11) iscntrl isupper islower isalpha	isdigit ispunct isxdigit isalnum isprint isgraph
Conversions
toupper tolower	wstring_convert (C++11) wbuffer_convert (C++11)
Facet category base classes
ctype_base codecvt_base messages_base	time_base money_base
Facet categories
ctype ctype<char> codecvt collate messages time_get time_put	num_get num_put numpunct money_get money_put moneypunct
Locale-specific facets
ctype_byname codecvt_byname messages_byname collate_byname	time_get_byname time_put_byname numpunct_byname moneypunct_byname
Code conversion facets
codecvt_utf8 (C++11) codecvt_utf16 (C++11)	codecvt_utf8_utf16 (C++11) codecvt_mode (C++11)
C locale
setlocale localeconv lconv	LC_ALLLC_COLLATELC_CTYPELC_MONETARYLC_NUMERICLC_TIME

 

Defined in header <locale>
template< class charT > charT tolower( charT ch, const locale& loc );

Converts the character ch to lowercase if possible, using the conversion rules specified by the given locale's std::ctype facet.

Parameters

ch	-	character
loc	-	locale

Return value

Returns the lowercase form of ch if one is listed in the locale, otherwise return ch unchanged.

Notes

Only 1:1 character mapping can be performed by this function, e.g. the Greek uppercase letter 'Σ' has two lowercase forms, depending on the position in a word: 'σ' and 'ς'. A call to std::tolower cannot be used to obtain the correct lowercase form in this case.

Possible implementation

template< class charT > charT tolower( charT ch, const std::locale& loc ) { return std::use_facet<std::ctype<charT>>(loc).tolower(ch); }

Example

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <cwctype>
#include <locale>
 
int main()
{
    wchar_t c = L'\u0190'; // Latin capital open E ('Ɛ')
 
    std::cout << std::hex << std::showbase;
 
    std::cout << "in the default locale, tolower(" << (std::wint_t)c << ") = "
              << std::tolower(c, std::locale()) << '\n';
 
    std::cout << "in Unicode locale, tolower(" << (std::wint_t)c << ") = "
              << std::tolower(c, std::locale("en_US.utf8")) << '\n';
}

Output:

in the default locale, tolower(0x190) = 0x190
in Unicode locale, tolower(0x190) = 0x25b

See also

toupper(std::locale)	converts a character to uppercase using the ctype facet of a locale (function template)
tolower	converts a character to lowercase (function)
towlower	converts a wide character to lowercase (function)