std::ctype::toupper, std::ctype::do_toupper

 

C++

Language

Standard library headers

Concepts

Utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Algorithms library

Iterators library

Numerics library

Input/output library

Localizations library

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Atomic operations library (C++11)

Thread support library (C++11)

Technical Specifications

 

Localizations library

Locales and facets
locale
use_facet	has_facet
Character classification
isspace isblank (C++11) iscntrl isupper islower isalpha	isdigit ispunct isxdigit isalnum isprint isgraph
Conversions
toupper tolower	wstring_convert (C++11) wbuffer_convert (C++11)
Facet category base classes
ctype_base codecvt_base messages_base	time_base money_base
Facet categories
ctype ctype<char> codecvt collate messages time_get time_put	num_get num_put numpunct money_get money_put moneypunct
Locale-specific facets
ctype_byname codecvt_byname messages_byname collate_byname	time_get_byname time_put_byname numpunct_byname moneypunct_byname
Code conversion facets
codecvt_utf8 (C++11) codecvt_utf16 (C++11)	codecvt_utf8_utf16 (C++11) codecvt_mode (C++11)
C locale
setlocale localeconv lconv	LC_ALLLC_COLLATELC_CTYPELC_MONETARYLC_NUMERICLC_TIME

 

std::ctype

Member functions

ctype::ctype

ctype::~ctype

ctype::isctype::do_is

ctype::scan_isctype::do_scan_is

ctype::scan_notctype::do_scan_not

ctype::toupperctype::do_toupper

ctype::tolowerctype::do_tolower

ctype::widenctype::do_widen

ctype::narrowctype::do_narrow

Member functions of ctype<char>

ctype<char>::ctype

ctype<char>::~ctype

ctype<char>::table

ctype<char>::classic_table

ctype<char>::is

ctype<char>::scan_is

ctype<char>::scan_not

 

Defined in header <locale>
public: CharT toupper( CharT c ) const;	(1)
public: const CharT* toupper( CharT* beg, const CharT* end ) const;	(2)
protected: virtual CharT do_toupper( CharT c ) const;	(3)
protected: virtual const CharT* do_toupper( CharT* beg, const CharT* end ) const;	(4)

1,2) public member function, calls the protected virtual member function do_toupper of the most derived class.

3) Converts the character c to upper case if an upper case form is defined by this locale.

4) For every character in the character array [beg, end), for which an upper case form exists, replaces the character with that upper case form.

Parameters

c	-	character to convert
beg	-	pointer to the first character in an array of characters to convert
end	-	one past the end pointer for the array of characters to convert

Return value

1,3) upper case character or c if no upper case form is listed by this locale.

2,4) end.

Notes

Only 1:1 character mapping can be performed by this function, e.g. the uppercase form of 'ß' is (with some exceptions) the two-character string "SS", which cannot be obtained by do_toupper.

Example

Run this code

#include <locale>
#include <iostream>
 
void try_upper(const std::ctype<wchar_t>& f, wchar_t c)
{
    wchar_t up = f.toupper(c);
    if (up != c) {
        std::wcout << "Upper case form of \'" << c << "' is " << up << '\n';
    } else {
        std::wcout << '\'' << c << "' has no upper case form\n";
    }
}
 
int main()
{
    std::locale::global(std::locale("en_US.utf8"));
    std::wcout.imbue(std::locale());
    std::wcout << "In US English UTF-8 locale:\n";
    auto& f = std::use_facet<std::ctype<wchar_t>>(std::locale());
    try_upper(f, L's');
    try_upper(f, L'ſ');
    try_upper(f, L'ß');
 
    std::wstring str = L"Hello, World!";
    std::wcout << "Uppercase form of the string '" << str << "' is ";
    f.toupper(&str[0], &str[0] + str.size());
    std::wcout << "'" << str << "'\n";
}

Output:

In US English UTF-8 locale:
Upper case form of 's' is S
Upper case form of 'ſ' is S
'ß' has no upper case form
Uppercase form of the string 'Hello, World!' is 'HELLO, WORLD!'

See also

tolower	invokes do_tolower (public member function)
toupper	converts a character to uppercase (function)
towupper	converts a wide character to uppercase (function)