return statement
Terminates current function and returns specified value to the caller function.
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[edit] Syntax
attr(optional) return expression(optional) ;
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(1) | ||||||||
attr(optional) return braced-init-list ;
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(2) | (since C++11) | |||||||
attr(C++11) | - | optional sequence of any number of attributes |
expression | - | expression, convertible to the function return type |
braced-init-list | - | brace-enclosed list of initializers and other braced-init-lists |
[edit] Explanation
[edit] Notes
If control reaches the end of a function without encountering a return statement, return; is executed (except in the main function, where return 0; is executed).
Flowing off the end of a value-returning function (except main) without a return statement is undefined behavior.
In a function returning void, the return statement with expression can be used, if the expression type is void.
Returning by value may involve construction and copy/move of a temporary object, unless copy elision is used.
If expression is an lvalue expression and the conditions for copy elision are met, or would be met, except that expression names a function parameter, then overload resolution to select the constructor to use for initialization of the returned value is performed twice: first as if expression were an rvalue expression (thus it may select the move constructor or a copy constructor taking reference to const), and if no suitable conversion is available, overload resolution is performed the second time, with lvalue expression (so it may select the copy constructor taking a reference to non-const). |
(since C++11) |
The above rule applies even if the function return type is different from the type of expression (copy elision requires same type) |
(since C++14) |
The copy-initialization of the temporary that is the result of evaluating a function call is sequenced-before the destruction of all temporaries at the end of expression, which, in turn, is sequenced-before the destruction of local variables of the block enclosing the return statement. |
(since C++17) |
[edit] Keywords
[edit] Example
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <utility> void fa(int i) { if (i == 2) return; std::cout << i << '\n'; } // implied return; int fb(int i) { if (i > 4) return 4; std::cout << i << '\n'; return 2; } std::pair<std::string, int> fc(const char* p, int x) { return {p, x}; } void fd() { return fa(10); // fa(10) is a void expression } int main() { fa(2); // returns, does nothing when i==2 fa(1); // prints its argument, then returns int i = fb(5); // prints its argument, returns 2 i = fb(i); // prints its argument, returns 4 std::cout << i << '\n' << fc("Hello", 7).second << '\n';; fd(); }
Output:
1 4 2 7 10
[edit] See also
C documentation for return statement
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