std::for_each

From cppreference.com
< cpp‎ | algorithm
 
 
 
Defined in header <algorithm>
template< class InputIt, class UnaryFunction >
UnaryFunction for_each( InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryFunction f );

Applies the given function object f to the result of dereferencing every iterator in the range [first, last), in order.

If InputIt is a mutable iterator, f may modify the elements of the range through the dereferenced iterator. If f returns a result, the result is ignored.

Contents

[edit] Parameters

first, last - the range to apply the function to
f - function object, to be applied to the result of dereferencing every iterator in the range [first, last)

The signature of the function should be equivalent to the following:

 void fun(const Type &a);

The signature does not need to have const &.
The type Type must be such that an object of type InputIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to Type.

Type requirements
-
InputIt must meet the requirements of InputIterator.
-
UnaryFunction must meet the requirements of MoveConstructible. Does not have to be CopyConstructible

[edit] Return value

f (until C++11)
std::move(f) (since C++11)

[edit] Complexity

Exactly last - first applications of f

[edit] Possible implementation

template<class InputIt, class UnaryFunction>
UnaryFunction for_each(InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryFunction f)
{
    for (; first != last; ++first) {
        f(*first);
    }
    return f;
}

[edit] Example

The following example uses a lambda function to increment all of the elements of a vector and then uses an overloaded operator() in a functor to compute their sum:

#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
 
struct Sum {
    Sum() { sum = 0; }
    void operator()(int n) { sum += n; }
 
    int sum;
};
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> nums{3, 4, 2, 9, 15, 267};
 
    std::cout << "before:";
    for (auto n : nums) {
        std::cout << ' ' << n;
    }
    std::cout << '\n';
 
    std::for_each(nums.begin(), nums.end(), [](int &n){ n++; });
 
    // Calls Sum::operator() for each number
    Sum s = std::for_each(nums.begin(), nums.end(), Sum());
 
    std::cout << "after: ";
    for (auto n : nums) {
        std::cout << ' ' << n;
    }
    std::cout << '\n';
    std::cout << "sum: " << s.sum << '\n';
}

Output:

before: 3 4 2 9 15 267
after:  4 5 3 10 16 268
sum: 306

[edit] See also

applies a function to a range of elements
(function template)
range-for loop executes loop over range (since C++11)
(parallelism TS)
similar to std::for_each except returns void
(function template)
(parallelism TS)
applies a function object to the first n elements of a sequence
(function template)