History of C
From cppreference.com
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[edit] Early C
- 1969: B created, based on BCPL, to replace PDP-7 assembler as the system programming language for Unix
-
- added operators ++, --, compound assignment, remained a typeless language like BCPL
- 1971: NB ("new B") created when porting B to PDP-11
-
- types (int, char, arrays and pointers), array-to-pointer conversion, compilation to machine code
- 1972: Language renamed to C
-
- structs, operators && and ||, preprocessor, portable I/O
- 1973: Unix re-written in C
-
- unsigned, long, unions, enumerations, increased type safety
- 1978: The C Programming Language, 1st edition
[edit] Standard C
- 1983: ANSI established X3J11 committee
- 1988: The C Programming Language, 2nd edition
- 1989:
C89
, the ANSI C standard published
- codified existing practices
- new features: volatile, enum, signed, void
- From C++: const, function prototypes
- 1990:
C90
, the ANSI C standard accepted as ISO/IEC 9899-1990 - 1995:
C95
(ISO/IEC 9899 AM1) (online store)
- multibyte character support (wchar_t and all wide and multibyte character functions, wchar.h, wctype.h, and those added to existing headers and corresponding changes to stream I/O, etc)
- digraphs, iso646.h,
- 1995: Technical corrigendum 1 (ISO/IEC 9899 TCOR1)
- 1996: Technical corrigendum 2 (ISO/IEC 9899 TCOR2)
- 1999:
C99
(ISO/IEC 9899:1999)
- new features: bool, long long, stdint.h, inttypes.h, restrict, compound literals, variable length arrays, flexible array members, designated initializers, fenv.h, variadic macros, complex numbers, __func__, hexadecimal floating point format (%a), monetary formatting in lconv, isblank, concatenation of narrow and wide string literals, trailing comma in enumerations, empty arguments in function-like macros, STDC_* pragmas, va_copy, null return of tmpnam, null pointer in setvbuf, hh and ll lengthspecifiers in printf, snprintf, _Exit, tgmath.h, POSIX-like strftime specifiers
- from C++: inline, mix declarations and code, declarations in the init clause of the for loop,
//
comments, universal character names in source code - removed implicit functions and implicit int
- 2001: Technical corrigendum 1 (ISO/IEC 9899:1999/Cor.1:2001(E))
- 2004: Technical corrigendum 2 (ISO/IEC 9899:1999/Cor.2:2004(E))
- 2004: Unicode TR (ISO/IEC TR 19769:2004) (ISO store) (November 7, 2003 draft)
- 2007: Technical corrigendum 3 (ISO/IEC 9899:1999/Cor.3:2007(E)) (September 7, 2007 draft)
-
- deprecated gets
- 2007: Bounds-checking interfaces TR (ISO/IEC TR 24731-1:2007) (ISO store) (March 28, 2007 draft)
- 2008: Embedded TR (ISO/IEC TR 18037:2008) (ISO store) (September 24, 2003 draft)
- 2009: Decimal floating-point TR (ISO/IEC TR 24732:2009) (ISO store) (July 5, 2007 draft)
- 2009: Mathematical special functions TR (ISO/IEC TR 24747:2009) (ISO store) (August 2, 2006 draft)
- 2010: Dynamic allocations functions TR (ISO/IEC TR 24731-2:2010) (ISO store) (August 15, 2007 draft)
- 2011:
C11
(ISO/IEC 9899:2011) (ISO store) (ANSI store) (April 12, 2011 draft)
- thread-aware memory model, stdatomic.h, threads.h, type-generic functions, alignas/alignof, noreturn, static assert, analyzability extensions, extensions to complex and imaginary types, anonymous structures and unions, exclusive file open mode. quick_exit
- removed gets
- from Bounds-checking interfaces TR: bounds-checking interfaces,
- from Unicode TR: char16_t, char32_t, and uchar.h
- 2012: Technical corrigendum 1 (ISO/IEC 9899:2011/Cor 1:2012) (ISO store)
- 2013: Secure Coding Rules TS (ISO/IEC TS 17961:2013) (ISO store) (June 26, 2012)
- 2014: FP TS part 1: Binary floating-point arithmetic (ISO/IEC TS 18661-1:2014) (ISO store) (2013 draft )
- provides changes to C11 (mostly to Annex F) that cover all basic requirements and some recommendations of IEC 60559:2011 (C11 was built on IEC 60559:1989)
- 2015: FP TS part 2: Decimal floating-point arithmetic (ISO/IEC TS 18661-2:2015) (ISO store) (2015 draft)
- provides changes to C11 to support all the requirements, plus some basic recommendations, of IEC 60559:2011 for decimal floating-point arithmetic. This supersedes ISO/IEC TR 24732:2009.
[edit] Future development
- Floating-point extensions TS (ISO/IEC TS 18661)
- Parallelism TS (early draft n1862 2014-10-18)
[edit] See also
C++ documentation for History of C++
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[edit] References
- The Development of the C Language by Dennis M. Ritchie
- Rationale for the C99 standard